Energy efficiency augmentation in UWA-OFDM transducer by peak to average power ratio alleviation through hybrid companding approach.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a compelling contender for next-generation fixed and wireless standards to realize high data transmission rates in underwater acoustic (UWA) systems. A specific challenge before transmission over the transducers of the UWA system within an OFDM signal is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR), which severely affects the energy efficiency of the UWA system. This work aims to enhance the energy efficiency of the UWA system by alleviating the stumbling block mentioned earlier within the OFDM. Moreover, we recommend and design a methodology that incorporates modified repeated frequency-domain filtering and clipping (RFC) and companding techniques to restrain the PAPR obstacle. Additionally, the modified RFC utilizes various companding techniques (including linear and nonlinear techniques) to achieve the desired objectives without complexity augmentation of the system. We simulate and test our proposed approach against four major parameters: PAPR, bit error rate, energy efficiency, and system performance gain. Statistical results show that our technique offers .36 high-power amplifier power efficiency (?$$ \eta $$), which is comparatively better than OFDM with selective mapping, OFDM with partial transmit sequences, and OFDM with other hybrid approaches.