Designing a Reference Architecture for the C-ITS Services.

Cooperative-Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) services aim to improve road transportation through enhanced cooperative, connected, and automated mobility services. The current reference architectures for C-ITS have different abstractions, with some focusing on technical aspects, while others center on specific traffic issues of particular countries. As a result, they have varying technical details and use ad-hoc notations, which limit their adaptability for cross-border deployment of C-ITS services. This paper presents a method for developing a C-ITS reference architecture, involving three essential parts: abstracting common C-ITS systems, describing them using an architecture framework, and reviewing the reference architecture. Using our method, we developed a C-ITS reference architecture for the C-ITS services for deployment sites across European countries. Our reference architecture offers a clear and easily understandable design of C-ITS systems, eliminates the use of ad-hoc notations, and promotes adaptability. This makes it easier for stakeholders to communicate and collaborate across countries, facilitating the deployment of C-ITS services.