NLRP3 inflammasome activation promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental biliary atresia

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by a progressive fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy in early infants with unknown etiology. Although innate immune disorder is involved in its mechanism, role of NLRP3 inflammasome in BA remains largely undefined. Aim: To explore the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in BA. Methods: The expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were determined in BA patients. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome was evaluated using MCC950 in experimental BA. Furthermore, gadolinium chloride, a macrophage scavenger, was applied to validate the inflammasome's cellular localization. Finally, the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on liver fibrosis were explored in vivo and vitro in experimental BA. Results: The components of NLRP3 inflammasome were up-regulated in BA patients. Inflammasomerelated genes showed positively correlated with liver inflammation and fibrosis in BA patients. In experimental BA, inflammasome-related genes were up-regulated, and their expressions were inhibited by MCC950, which promoted mice growth, protected liver function, alleviated obstructive jaundice, inhibited liver inflammation, and reduced serum IL-1 beta level. NLRP3 inflammasome was expressed in macrophages, and macrophage elimination exerted the same protective roles as MCC950 did in BA. Additionally, NLRP3 inflammasome activation promoted liver fibrosis in experimental BA. Conclusions: NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages promoted liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental BA. (c) 2023 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.