Assessing feasibility and risk to translate, de-identify and summarize medical reports using deep learning

Background Precision medicine requires accurate phenotyping and data sharing, particularly for rare diseases. However, sharing medical reports across language barriers is challenging. Alternatively, inconsistent and incomplete clinical summary provided by physicians using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) can lead to a loss of clinical information. Methods To assess feasibility and risk of using deep learning methods to translate, de-identify and summarize medical reports, we developed an open-source deep learning multi-language software in line with health data privacy. We conducted a non-inferiority clinical trial using deep learning methods to de-identify protected health information (PHI) targeting a minimum sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 75%, and summarize non-English medical reports in HPO format, aiming a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 90%. Results From March to April 2023, we evaluated 50 non-English medical reports from 8 physicians and 12 different groups of diseases, which included neurodevelopmental disorders, congenital disorders, fetal pathology and oncology. Reports contain in median 15 PHI and 7 HPO terms. Deep learning method achieved a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 87% in de-identification, and a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 92% in summarizing medical reports, reporting an average number of 6.6 HPO terms per report, which is equivalent to the number of HPO terms provided usually by physicians in databases (6.8 in PhenoDB). Conclusions De-identification and summarization of non-English medical reports using deep learning methods reports non-inferior performance, providing insights on AI usage to facilitate precision medicine. ![Figure][1] Illustration of the non-inferiority trial for de-identification and summarization of non-english medical reports and main statistical performances. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Clinical Protocols ### Funding Statement This study did not receive any funding ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Institutional Review Board of University Hospital Center of Montpellier gave ethical approval for this work I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors [1]: pending:yes