Performance of Surface Topography Systems in Scoliosis Management: A Narrative Review

IntroductionThe aesthetic appearance of the torso is the foremost concern of scoliotic patients, which, if not addressed, could adversely affect their life quality. The Cobb angle limitation in describing three-dimensional (3D) deformities of the spine and its associated ionizing radiation motivated clinicians to implement noninvasive surface topography (ST) methods for monitoring scoliosis. This study aimed to review the accuracy of the most commonly used ST systems and their ST parameters in predicting and monitoring scoliosis.Materials and MethodsThe scientific databases were used to search for the studies considering the validity and reliability of different ST methods published in English from 1970 to July 2020.ResultsOf 221 found publications, 41 journal publications were evaluated for this review. The accuracy of ST methods was affected by light source quality, acquisition time, and postural sway. Some ST parameters resulted in a high correlation with radiographic measurements and classified scoliosis deformities into mild, moderate, and severe. Some ST parameters may not effectively predict the Cobb angle but could monitor curve progression accurately. Representing spine deformities in the lumbar section and subjects with higher body mass index was associated with more significant errors due to thicker soft tissues around the spine.ConclusionsAccording to the present review, ST systems could complement radiography measurements and provide valuable insights into different aspects of internal and external deformity; however, they have not reached a state that can replace radiography in the management of scoliosis.