Multi-electrode parallel three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis

In this paper, three-dimensional manipulation based on typical optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) was realized by using different shapes of electrodes and forced in different directions, and parallel three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes was studied. SMMC-7721 cells were manipulated in 8.5% (w/v) sucrose solution, and the direction of the force on the cell (positive or negative) was determined by the frequency of the external electrical signal. We used light patterns of different shapes (dot, stripe, and ring) to achieve three-dimensional manipulation of cells based on positive force and the constricted ring to achieve three-dimensional manipulation based on negative force. We studied the effect of electrode spacing on manipulation when multiple electrodes were simultaneously used for three-dimensional manipulation. To achieve parallel and independent three-dimensional manipulation of multiple electrodes, it is necessary to ensure a large electrode spacing.