Bio-ecology and the management of Chenopodium murale L.: A problematic weed in Asia

Proper weed management strategies are very essential for sustainable agriculture crop production. Chenopodium murale L. is one of the most problematic weed all over the world. It's an annual herbaceous plant weed found in Pakistan, India as well as other subtropical and tropical parts of Asia. In approximately fifteen Asian countries, C. murale is the most difficult to control in different crops. It influences negatively on the growth of crops and decreases the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes. It is a plant that grows quickly and makes tiny seeds. It is easier for C. murale to adapt to different agro-ecological situations because of its fast seed development and predisposition towards herbicide resistance. Several cultural methods, including irrigation, crop rotation, herbicide-tolerant crop types, mechanical weed management, and mulching have been helpful in controlling this weed species, but very few researchers have successfully achieved biological control of C. murale. A promising way of management for C. murale could involve the use of allelochemicals. The control of this weed could differ according to the quantity of herbicides used, the type of crop, the method they are applied, method of use, and the tillage techniques. Understanding C. murale's ecology, biology, and management strategies is very essential for its proper management. This review provides the better understanding about this weed and provides the different strategies to control this problematic weed species.