PD-1 blockade attenuates surgery-mediated immunosuppression and boosts Th1 immunity perioperatively in oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma.

These findings support the hypothesis of a surgery-mediated suppression in Th1-like cytotoxic immunity and highlights a rationale for the use of ICB within the perioperative setting to abrogate tumour-promoting effects of surgery and ameliorate the risk of recurrence.