Isolation and characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase positive bacterial strain named Terrimonas ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. with ginsenoside-converting activity.

A novel yellow-pigmented catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strain (designated NA20T) was isolated from wetland soil and characterized. Results of 16S rRNA and draft genome sequence analysis placed strain NA20T within the genus Terrimonas of the family Chitinophagaceae. Strain NA20T showed ≤97.1 % sequence similarity to members of the genus Terrimonas and the highest sequence similarity was found to Terrimonas lutea DYT (97.1%). The draft genome of strain NA20T had a total length of 7 144 125 base pairs. A total of 5659 genes were identified, of which 5613 were CDS and 46 RNA genes were assigned a putative function. Mining the genomes revealed the presence of 225 carbohydrate genes out of 1334 genes. Strain NA20T contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω7c and/or C16 : 1  ω6c) as major fatty acids. The predominant quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown polar lipid and one unknown aminophospholipid. Additionally, the functional analysis of NA20T showed the conversion of protopanaxatriol-mix type major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rc and Rd) to minor ginsenosides F2 and weak conversion of Rh2 and C-K within 24 h. As a result, the genotypic, phenotypic and taxonomic analyses support the affiliation of NA20T within the genus Terrimonas, for which the name Terrimonas ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NA20T (=KACC 22218T=LMG 32198T).