Article Association of ambient PM1 exposure with maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in China

Evidence concerning PM1 exposure, maternal blood pressure (BP), and hyperten-sive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is sparse. We evaluated the associations using 105,063 participants from a nationwide cohort. PM1 concentrations were evalu-ated using generalized additive model. BP was measured according to the Amer-ican Heart Association recommendations. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the PM1-BP/HDP associations. Each 10 mg/m(3) higher first -trimester PM1 was significantly associated with 1.696 mmHg and 1.056 mmHg higher first-trimester SBP and DBP, and with 11.4% higher odds for HDP, respectively. The above associations were stronger among older participants (> 35 years) or those educated longer than 17 years or those with higher house-hold annual income (> 400,000 CNY). To conclude, first-trimester PM1 were posi-tively associated with BP/HDP, which may be modified by maternal age, educa-tion level, and household annual income. Further research is warranted to provide more information for both health management of HDP and environ-mental policies enactment.