Identification of gut dysbiosis in axial spondyloarthritis patients and improvement of experimental ankylosing spondyloarthritis by microbiome-derived butyrate with immune-modulating function.

We found that CD4 IL-17A T cell polarization was reduced, when or butyrate were introduced into curdlan-induced SpA mice or CD4 T cells of axSpA patient. Consistently, butyrate treatment was associated with the reduction of arthritis scores and inflammation levels in SpA mice. Taken together, we concluded that the reduced abundance of butyrate-producing microbes, particularly , may be associated with axSpA pathogenesis.