Dual-modulation of micro-photoluminescence in rare-earth-doped crystals by femtosecond laser irradiation for 5D optical data storage

•Micro-structures are fabricated in Pr:YLF crystals by femtosecond laser irradiation.•Dual-modulation of micro-photoluminescence is found within broad parameter windows.•Optical data are encrypted in the crystal with intensity and wavelength multiplexing.•Erasure energy threshold is demonstrated with secondary femtosecond laser irradiation.•Spatially-selective rewriting and erasure of encrypted information are realized.