The effect of migration on vaccination dilemma in networked populations

As the pandemic advances and universal immunization keeps slipping worldwide, acquiring the mechanism behind this phenomenon carries the same realistic weight as pandemic control. In this paper, we look at how migration patterns affect the way people get vaccinated in the susceptible–infected–recovery (SIR) model. In particular, each node is treated as a location, thus individuals can have mobility. In more detail, people can change their locations after going through the vaccination campaign and the process of an epidemic. We discovered that, for a mobility rate below 0.2, migration behaviors accelerate the disappearance of vaccinated patches, resulting in the vaccination dilemma. That is, the movement makes vaccination levels reduce. When the migration rate surpasses 0.2, the vaccination dilemma remains unchanged. By observing the distinctive snapshots and basin entropy, the dilemma no longer changes because the snapshots and basin entropy stabilize when the movement rate exceeds a particular threshold. These findings highlight the importance of controlling migration during the pandemic.