Lesson learnt after long-term (>10 years) correlation analyses between satellite TIR anomalies and earthquakes occurrence performed over Greece, Italy, Japan and Turkey

<p>In the recent years, in order to evaluate the possible spatial-temporal correlation among anomalies in Earth&#8217;s thermally emitted InfraRed radiation and earthquakes occurrence, several long-term studies have been performed. Different seismically active areas around the world have been this way investigated by using TIR sensors on board geostationary (e.g. Eleftheriou et al. 2016, Genzano et al., 2020, Genzano et al., 2021, Filizzola et al., 2022) and polar (e.g. Zhang and Meng, 2019) satellites.&#160; Since the study of Filizzola et al. (2004) the better S/N ratio achievable by the geostationary sensors (compared with the polar ones) made this kind of sensors the first choice for this kind of long-term analyses.</p><p>In this paper the lesson learnt after 20 years of satellite TIR analyses are critically analyzed in the perspective of the possible inclusion of such anomalies among the parameters usefully contributing to the construction of a multi-parametric system for a time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard.</p><p>The more recent results achieved by applying the RST (Tramutoli et al., 2005, Tramutoli 2007) approach to long-term (>10 years) TIR satellite data collected by the geostationary sensors SEVIRI (on board MSG) - over Greece (Elefteriou et al., 2016), Italy (Genzano et al, 2020) and Turkey (Filizzola et al., 2022) &#8211; and &#160;by JAMI and IMAGER (on board MTSAT satellites) over Japan (Genzano et al., 2021) will be also presented and discussed.</p><p>References</p><p>Eleftheriou, A., C. Filizzola, N. Genzano, T. Lacava, M. Lisi, R. Paciello, N. Pergola, F. Vallianatos, and V. Tramutoli (2016), Long-Term RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Greece in the Period 2004&#8211;2013, PAGEOPGH, 173(1), 285&#8211;303, doi:10.1007/s00024-015-1116-8.</p><p>Filizzola, C., N. Pergola, C. Pietrapertosa, V. Tramutoli (2004), Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas moni-toring: a sensitivity analysis on September 7, 1999 Athens&#8217;s earthquake. Phys. Chem. Earth, 29, 517&#8211;527. 10.1016/j.pce.2003.11.019</p><p>Filizzola C., A. Corrado, N. Genzano, M. Lisi, N. Pergola, R. Colonna and V. Tramutoli (2022), RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in relation with earthquakes occurred in Turkey in the period 2004&#8211;2015, Remote Sensing, (accepted).</p><p>Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, M. Lisi, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2020), Toward the development of a multi parametric system for a short-term assessment of the seismic hazard in Italy, Ann. Geophys, 63(5) doi:10.4401/ag-8227.</p><p>Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, K. Hattori, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2021), Statistical correlation analysis between thermal infrared anomalies observed from MTSATs and large earthquakes occurred in Japan (2005&#8211;2015). JGR: Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB020108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020108</p><p>Tramutoli, V. (2007), Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) for Natural and Environmental Hazards Monitoring and Mitigation: Theory and Applications, in 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, pp. 1&#8211;6, IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057</p><p>Tramutoli, V., V. Cuomo, C. Filizzola, N. Pergola, C. Pietrapertosa (2005), Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas: The case of Kocaeli (&#304;zmit) earthquake, August 17, 1999. RSE, 96, 409&#8211;426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.04.006</p><p>Zhang, Y. and Meng, Q. (2019), A statistical analysis of TIR anomalies extracted by RSTs in relation to an earthquake in the Sichuan area using MODIS LST data, NHESS, 19, 535&#8211;549, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-535-2019, 2019</p>