Physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants under boron deficiency conditions

The role of micronutrients is vital for plant growth. Boron (B) being an essential nutrient element, its deficiency along with H+ toxicity are important limiting factors for plants growth and development mainly observed in acidic soils. The additional application of B enhances the quality and yields of crops. Boron stress causes morphological and anatomical changes in crops such as reduction in plant height, leaf area and biomass. Boron plays a crucial role in many vital processes in the plant such as photosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, cell wall synthesis, lignification, carbohydrate and sugar metabolism. Moreover, B stress leads to membrane damage, excessive production of reactive oxygen species, reduction in leaf water potential, hormonal and nutrient imbalance. This chapter aims to review the importance of B in plant physiology and redraw the attention of the researcher to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of crops under B stress. The exploration of responses and adaptation strategies of crops under B deficiency help plant breeder to develop B efficient cultivars.