Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain.

E Rosenberg,T I Andersen,R Samajdar,A Petukhov,J C Hoke,D Abanin,A Bengtsson,I K Drozdov,C Erickson,P V Klimov,X Mi,A Morvan,M Neeley,C Neill,R Acharya,R Allen, K Anderson,M Ansmann,F Arute,K Arya,A Asfaw,J Atalaya,J C Bardin, A Bilmes,G Bortoli,A Bourassa,J Bovaird, L Brill, M Broughton,B B Buckley, D A Buell, T Burger,B Burkett,N Bushnell,J Campero, H-S Chang,Z Chen,B Chiaro,D Chik, J Cogan,R Collins, P Conner,W Courtney,A L Crook, B Curtin,D M Debroy,A Del Toro Barba,S Demura,A Di Paolo,A Dunsworth, C Earle, L Faoro, E Farhi,R Fatemi,V S Ferreira, L Flores Burgos,E Forati,A G Fowler,B Foxen,G Garcia,É Genois,W Giang,C Gidney,D Gilboa,M Giustina, R Gosula,A Grajales Dau,J A Gross,S Habegger,M C Hamilton, M Hansen,M P Harrigan, S D Harrington, P Heu, G Hill,M R Hoffmann,S Hong,T Huang, A Huff,W J Huggins,L B Ioffe,S V Isakov, J Iveland,E Jeffrey,Z Jiang,C Jones,P Juhas, D Kafri,T Khattar,M Khezri,M Kieferová, S Kim,A Kitaev,A R Klots,A N Korotkov, F Kostritsa,J M Kreikebaum,D Landhuis, P Laptev, K-M Lau,L Laws,J Lee,K W Lee, Y D Lensky, B J Lester, A T Lill, W Liu, A Locharla, S Mandrà, O Martin,S Martin, J R McClean,M McEwen, S Meeks,K C Miao,A Mieszala, S Montazeri, R Movassagh, W Mruczkiewicz, A Nersisyan,M Newman, J H Ng, A Nguyen, M Nguyen, M Y Niu, T E O'Brien,S Omonije, A Opremcak, R Potter, L P Pryadko, C Quintana,D M Rhodes, C Rocque, N C Rubin,N Saei,D Sank, K Sankaragomathi,K J Satzinger,H F Schurkus,C Schuster, M J Shearn,A Shorter, N Shutty, V Shvarts, V Sivak,J Skruzny, W Clarke Smith, R D Somma,G Sterling, D Strain,M Szalay, D Thor, A Torres,G Vidal,B Villalonga,C Vollgraff Heidweiller, T White, B W K Woo,C Xing, Z Jamie Yao, P Yeh, J Yoo,G Young,A Zalcman,Y Zhang, N Zhu,N Zobrist,H Neven,R Babbush,D Bacon,S Boixo, J Hilton,E Lucero, A Megrant, J Kelly, Y Chen, V Smelyanskiy,V Khemani, S Gopalakrishnan, T Prosen, P Roushan

Science (New York, N.Y.)（2024）

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摘要

Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.

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