What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities

The 6 th Assessment Report cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR6) comes at a precipitous moment in history. Human influence has warmed the planet, and widespread and rapid impacts are occurring to natural and human systems in all regions of the world. In response, immediate action is needed if there is to be any hope of limiting global warming to 1.5°C or well below 2°C below pre-industrial levels, as well as preparing for and adapting to current and future risks. The transformations needed in response to climate change will require decisive action in cities and urban areas. Cities and urban areas are a major source and driver of emissions; they are also crucial sites for system transitions in the near term and transformations over longer time frames