A Variable Fractional Delay Filter Based True-Time-Delay Array Architecture for Wideband Beamforming

True-time delay (TTD) units are critical in wideband large-scale antenna systems (LSASs) for resolving beam squint and frequency selective fading. In this letter, we propose a TTD array architecture for wideband beamforming that addresses the challenges posed by LSASs by utilizing variable fractional delay (VFD) filters and time delay estimations (TDEs). This study introduces a convex optimization problem to develop a novel method for designing VFD filters that can achieve high precision time delay resolution while maintaining an acceptable frequency response peak error. Using these VFD filters, we present a TDE approach with the Newton-Raphson iteration update that corrects the difference in arrival time between sensors. Due to the implementation of VFD filters and fast TDE modules, the new architecture can complete beam steering and tracking in 10 ms with MATLAB simulation. Furthermore, an example was designed to demonstrate that the proposed architecture is capable of producing precise beam pointing while maintaining the bit error rate that is extremely close to the theoretical curve over the entire bandwidth.