Conclusions and future work

Halide perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) have become the next-generation solar technology due to their outstanding characteristics like low-temperature fabrication, mechanical flexibility, low weight, tunable opto-electronic properties, high PCE, and abundance of perovskite materials. However, issues including long-term stability and lead hazard impede global commercialization of HPSCs. Given the high expense of hazardous chemical waste disposal (1.10 USD/kg) and the poor solar performance of HPSCs with lead replacements, recycling or reusing lead-based HPSCs is always the best option. Parts of perovskite solar cells like gold electrodes, conductive transparent glass, lead precursor and/or perovskite film can be recovered, recycled and reused to reduce average production costs and counter lead hazards while also addressing long-term instability. The purpose of this chapter is to talk about stability, degradation and recycling of perovskite-based photovoltaics in the context of environment, circular economy, and future advancement through photon recycling and different hybrid integration with HPSCs.