Genetically modified organisms use in green synthesizes nanomaterials

Nanoparticles and nanostructures are now being studied extensively and utilized in industries such as biomedical and pharmaceutical production, most specifically for cancer therapy, RNA and DNA analysis, antimicrobial and antiviral agents, targeted drug- and gene-delivery systems, biosensors, and imaging. Nanoparticle technology utilizes energy-efficient, environment-friendly, greener, and safer organisms compared to physicochemical processes. Genetically modified organisms are implemented even on an industrial scale for eco-friendly and safer synthesis of nanomaterials/nanoparticles. They contain versatile bioreduction systems, most prominently they are more resistant to metal toxicity, produce more biomass, and can be manipulated easily in terms of their genetic makeup. This chapter deals with the basic mechanisms involve in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which are effective and safer candidates for genetic manipulation, their role in decreasing/mitigating metal toxicity, and other characteristics related to their safe implementation.