Potential of space-based TROPOMI observations for understanding the spatial  and temporal variability of surface NO2 and its dependencies upon land use over south-western Europe

<p>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of TROPOMI NO2 tropospheric columns (TrC-NO₂) over the Iberian Peninsula over the period 2018-2021 (using the recently released PAL product to ensure consistency).</p> <p>A first exploration of the impact of cloud cover on the availability of TROPOMI TrC-NO2 observations indicates that data gaps range between 20-30% in summer to 55-70% in April and November, with substantial spatial differences between northern and southern and/or arid areas. The spatial distribution of TrC-NO₂ highlights strong hotspots over urban areas (especially Madrid and Barcelona), with additional enhancements along international maritime routes and major highways. A reasonable correlation with surface NO₂ mixing ratios is found, around 0.7-0.8 depending on the averaging time.</p> <p>The weekly and monthly variability of TrC-NO₂ over the peninsula is then analyzed at the light of the urban cover fraction (taken from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service). From least to most urbanized areas, the weekend reduction is found to range from -10 to -40%. A detailed analysis at the intra-agglomeration scale highlights that strongest weekend effects do not always peak in the center but sometimes in surrounding cities, which suggests a larger contribution of commuting to total NOx anthropogenic emissions. Similarly, the monthly profiles strongly change depending on the level of urbanization, from -40%/+26% in summer/winter in most urbanized areas, to -10%/+20% in least urbanized ones. Interestingly, the same analysis applied to cropland fraction highlight an enhancement in June-July that could be due to natural soil NO emissions that are known to peak during the warm season. Beyond some specific discrepancies, a generally good consistency is found between the variability of NO₂ seen from space with TROPOMI and the one observed at the surface.</p> <p>Our study thus illustrates the potential of TROPOMI TrC-NO₂ to provide a valuable complement to surface monitoring network, especially in agricultural and maritime areas where surface NO₂ observations are missing but yet crucial for better understanding the impact of local NOx emissions, especially for the production of tropospheric ozone.</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>Petetin, H., Guevara, M., Compernolle, S., Bowdalo, D., Bretonni&#232;re, P.-A., Enciso, S., Jorba, O., Lopez, F., Soret, A., and Pe&#769;rez Garci&#769;a-Pando, C.: Potential of TROPOMI for understanding spatio-temporal variations in surface NO₂&#160;and their dependencies upon land use over the Iberian Peninsula, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1056, 2022.</p>