Carbon Monitor Europe, a near-real-time and country-level monitoring of daily CO2 emissions for European Union and the United Kingdom

<p>With the urgent need to implement the EU countries pledges and to monitor the effectiveness of Green Deal plan to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, Monitoring Reporting and Verification tools are needed to track how emissions are changing for all the sectors. Current official inventories only provide annual estimates of national CO₂ emissions with a lag of 1+ year which do not capture the variations of emissions due to recent shocks including COVID lockdowns and economic rebounds, supply chains tensions and rising prices of energy and commodities, war in Ukraine. Here we present a near-real-time dataset of daily fossil fuel and cement emissions to monitor country-level emissions from January 2019 through December 2021 for 27 European Union countries and the United Kingdom. This dataset is called Carbon Monitor Europe. The data are calculated separately for six sectors: power, industry (incl. cement production), ground transportation, domestic aviation, international aviation, residential emissions which includes the built environment. Daily CO₂ emissions are estimated from a large set of activity data compiled from different sources, including hourly to daily electrical power generation data, monthly production data and production indices of industry, daily mobility data and indices for the ground transportation. Individual flight location data and monthly data were for aviation sector estimates. Monthly fuel consumption data downscaled in time with daily air temperature are used to estimate daily emissions from commercial and residential buildings. The goal of this dataset is to improve the timeliness and temporal resolution of emissions for European countries, to inform the public and decision makers about current emissions changes in Europe.</p>