Climate-responsive architectural and urban design strategies for adapting to extreme hot events

In recent years the impact of more frequent extreme hot events on the built environment is becoming more evident due to global warming. The appropriate application of climate-responsive design strategies for buildings and cities is crucial for combating the extreme hot events at the early architectural and urban design stage. This study aims to propose a set of viable climate-responsive design strategies for architects and urban planners to mitigate the effects of extreme hot events. Specifically, the cooling effects of climate-responsive design strategies for adapting to the extreme hot events from the perspectives of architectural and urban design have been reviewed. Effectiveness of climate-responsive design strategies can inform architects and urban planners the proper use of architectural and urban design strategies for maximizing the indoor and outdoor thermal comfort and minimizing the hazards for human health and energy security. These insights will help to provide some evidence-based and feasible design solutions for architects and urban planners at the early design stage to mitigate the potential impacts of increasingly frequent extreme hot events.