Self-Talk with Superhero Zip: Supporting Children's Socioemotional Learning with Conversational Agents

Socioemotional competencies are fundamental for children's growth and success, and prior work shows that in some instances, technology can support children in acquiring these skills. Here, we examine whether children can learn to use a socioemotional strategy known as "self-talk" from a conversational agent (CA). To investigate this question, we designed and built "Self-Talk with Superhero Zip," an interactive CA experience, and deployed it for one week in ten family homes to pairs of siblings between the ages of five and ten (N = 20). We found that children could recall and accurately describe the lessons taught by the intervention, and we saw indications of children applying self-talk in daily life. Targeting sibling pairs rather than individual users proved to be a design challenge in its own right, and families suggested design ideas for supporting this context, such as UI to manage conversational flow and reduce competition, and visuals and embodied activities to encourage focus. The dual-user context coupled with the audio modality prompted "preinput huddles" in which children conversed in whispers before responding to the system. We contribute evidence that CAs can support children in learning to use self-talk as well as design guidance for creating multi-user conversational interfaces.