Design and multi-objective comprehensive evaluation analysis of PV-WT-BG-Battery hybrid renewable energy systems in urban communities

Determining the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) is the key to sustainable energy development. HRESs interface with multiple energy supply systems and need to simultaneously meet different time-varying loads. In this paper, 16 scenarios are formed from four resource conditions and four load types. All feasible HRES configurations for the 16 scenarios are simulated by using HOMER. Nine indexes selected from three aspects (technology, economy and environment), and a comprehensive evaluation frame-work is established based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The optimal system in each scenario is selected and compared to assess the impact of resource and load conditions on system design. The results show that, general, HRESs have a higher comprehensive index rating than single-source renewable energy systems, HRESs should be considered as a better choice. And the optimal configuration of HRESs, including the size and type of generation devices and the size of energy storage device, is jointly determined by the conditions of energy resources and loads. The methodology presented in this paper can be an effective framework for designing and evaluating HRESs, and the obtained optimal systems can be valuable references for regions with similar resource and load conditions.