Pulsar as a Weber detector of gravitational waves and a probe to its internal phase transitions
arxiv(2023)
摘要
It is believed that cores of neutron stars provide a natural laboratory where
exotic high baryon density QCD phases may exist.The theoretically well
established neutron superfluid phase is also believed to be found only
inside neutron stars. Focus on neutron stars has intensified in recent years
with the direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron star
(BNS) merger, which has allowed the possibility of directly probing the
properties of the interior of a neutron star. A remarkable phenomenon
manifested by rapidly rotating neutron stars is in their avatar as Pulsars. The accuracy of pulsar timing allowed the first indirect detection of
GWs from a BNS system and opened up a few exciting possibilities. Any pulsar
deformation, even if incredibly tiny, can leave imprints on the pulses by
introducing tiny perturbations of the moment of inertia (MI) tensor components.
While the diagonal MI components of the perturbed MI tensor affect the pulse
timings, the off-diagonal components lead to the pulsar's wobbling and
affecting the pulse profile. This opens up an opportunity to explore various
phase transitions inside a pulsar core by induced density fluctuations through
the observable effects on the pulse timing and profile. Such perturbations also
naturally induce a rapidly changing quadrupole moment of the star, thereby
providing a new source of GW emission. Another remarkable possibility arises
when we consider the effect of an external GW on a neutron star. With the
possibility of detecting any minute changes in its configuration through pulse
observations, the neutron star has the potential to perform as a Weber detector
of GWs. This brief review focuses on these specific aspects of a pulsar,
specifically on the type of physics that can be probed by utilizing the effect
of changes in the MI tensor on pulse properties.
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