Organic Cation Design of Manganese Halide Hybrids Glass toward Low-Temperature Integrated Efficient, Scaling, and Reproducible X-Ray Detector

Zero-dimensional (0D) structure-based manganese metal halides (MHs) are believed to be the most promising candidates for the next-generation X-ray scintillators due to their intense radioluminescence and environmental friendliness. However, low-temperature (<180 degrees C), large-area integration with more efficient X-ray detection remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, from the perspective of cation (ionic liquids) structure design, the basic physical parameters of 0D MHs are regulated. And the calculations and experimental results demonstrate larger-size cations that induce lower melting temperatures, larger exciton-binding energies, larger ion migration energy, and tunable hardness, which are most desirable for MHscintillators. As a result, the champion materialHTP(2)MnBr(4)is achieved as glassy transparency wafer by low-temperature (165 degrees C) melt-quenching. Its application to X-ray imaging features high spatial resolution (17.28 lp mm(-1)), scalability (>30 x 30 cm(2)), and integration with strong coupling force. Furthermore, HTP2MnBr4 glass with reproducible properties demonstrates a high light yield (38 000 photon MeV-1), excellent irradiation stability, and low detection limit (0.13 mu Gy s(-1)). The authors believe this work will provide guidance for MHscintillators to further commercial applications.