Loneliness and social anxiety in young adults: The moderating and mediating roles of emotion dysregulation, depression and social isolation risk

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the mechanisms un-derlying loneliness, social anxiety, depression and emotion dysregulation, as well as how these relationships differ based on social isolation risk.Design: We employed an online survey study to measure variables cross-sectionally.Methods: A total of 1239 (77.2% Female, M-age = 21.52, SD = 2.32) participants completed measures of loneliness, social isolation risk, social anxiety, depression and emotion dysregulation. A moderated serial mediation model was conducted to determine whether emotion dysregulation and depression jointly mediate the relationship between loneli-ness and social anxiety and to determine whether these rela-tionships are moderated by risk of social isolation.Results: Loneliness was found to predict social anxiety and was mediated by emotion dysregulation and depression both independently and combined. Participants with a low risk of social isolation were found to be protected against poor mental health.Conclusions: Our studies replicate previous findings show -ing a relationship between loneliness and social anxiety. We also extend current knowledge to show the importance of social contact for protecting against elevated levels of social anxiety and depression. Overall, we provide empirical evi-dence for the role of social connection in managing mental health symptoms.