Structural insights into a unique PSI–LHCI–LHCII–Lhcb9 supercomplex from moss Physcomitrium patens

Photosystem I (PSI) possesses a variable supramolecular organization among different photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different light environments. Mosses are evolutionary intermediates that diverged from aquatic green algae and evolved into land plants. The moss Physcomitrium patens ( P. patens ) has a light-harvesting complex (LHC) superfamily more diverse than those of green algae and higher plants. Here, we solved the structure of a PSI–LHCI–LHCII–Lhcb9 supercomplex from P. patens at 2.68 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. This supercomplex contains one PSI–LHCI, one phosphorylated LHCII trimer, one moss-specific LHC protein, Lhcb9, and one additional LHCI belt with four Lhca subunits. The complete structure of PsaO was observed in the PSI core. One Lhcbm2 in the LHCII trimer interacts with PSI core through its phosphorylated N terminus, and Lhcb9 mediates assembly of the whole supercomplex. The complicated pigment arrangement provided important information for possible energy-transfer pathways from the peripheral antennae to the PSI core.