More Data about ¹²⁹Xe MRI Ventilation Defects in Long COVID-19

HomeRadiologyVol. 307, No. 4 Previous CommunicationsFree AccessLetters to the EditorMore Data about 129Xe MRI Ventilation Defects in Long COVID-19Harkiran K. Kooner*,†, Marrissa J. McIntosh*,†, Alexander M. Matheson*,†, Sarah Svenningsen‡, Grace Parraga*,†,§ Harkiran K. Kooner*,†, Marrissa J. McIntosh*,†, Alexander M. Matheson*,†, Sarah Svenningsen‡, Grace Parraga*,†,§ Author AffiliationsRobarts Research Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, CanadaDivision of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Mc-Master University and Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, CanadaDivision of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canadaemail: [email protected]Harkiran K. Kooner*,†Marrissa J. McIntosh*,†Alexander M. Matheson*,†Sarah Svenningsen‡Grace Parraga*,†,§ Published Online:Apr 18 2023https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230479MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Editor:We appreciated the editorial (1) about our study (2), published in Radiology on February 7, 2023. We thank Dr Vogel-Claussen for his insightful analysis and commentary. He correctly pointed out that abnormal xenon 129 (129Xe) MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) at 15 months after infection (n = 53; 4.2% ± 6.8 [SD]) may derive from patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome who self-identified with prior respiratory disease (n = 22; 7.4% ± 9.1).Based on his excellent comments, we thought it would be important to dig deeper into the data, so we performed additional analyses on the subgroups with and without prior respiratory disease.In the subgroup with no self-reported previous lung disease, airways-disease medication at 3 months after COVID-19 infection was associated with a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% CI: 1.02, 13.14; P = .046) at 15 months compared with 3 months after infection. This was consistent with results in the entire group (OR, 4.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 13.8; P = .03) (2) and the smaller group of participants with prior respiratory illness (OR, 4.5; 95% CI: 0.97, 20.83; P = .05). Therefore, it appears that both subgroups showed an SGRQ improvement, which correlated with airways-disease treatment at 3 months. This finding supports the notion that there is an airways-disease component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (3), even in patients with no previous diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In the subgroup without respiratory disease, there was significantly improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; from 89% predicted to 97% predicted; P = .009), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (from 79% to 84%; P = .008), diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (from 88% predicted to 105% predicted; P = .009), SGRQ score (from 35 to 21; P = .003), and MRI VDP (from 3.2% to 1.5%; P < .001) at 15 months after COVID compared with at 3 months (2). Although trending in a similar versus “the right” direction, there were no significant improvements in participants with self-reported prior respiratory disease (FEV1, from 76% predicted to 82% predicted [P = .6]; diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, from 83% predicted to 92% predicted [P > .99]; SGRQ score, from 37 to 30 [P = .2]; and VDP, from 9.4% to 7.4% [P = .2]).As Dr Vogel-Claussen (1) appropriately articulated, patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome without previous lung disease may be normalizing and improving over time, whereas those with respiratory disease (mainly asthma in this group) may well be improving, but perhaps to a different baseline.Disclosures of conflicts of interest: H.K.K. No relevant relationships. M.J.M. No relevant relationships. A.M.M. No relevant relationships. S.S. Grants from the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care Ontario, Cyclomedica; consulting fees from Arrowhead Pharma; honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Polarean. G.P. Member of Radiology editorial board.References1. Vogel-Claussen J. Ventilation Defects at 129Xe MRI in Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome: Back to Normal after 1 year? Radiology 2023. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230113. Published online February 7, 2023. Google Scholar2. Kooner HK, McIntosh MJ, Matheson AM, et al. Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: 129Xe MRI Ventilation Defects and Respiratory Outcomes One Year Later. Radiology 2023. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.222557. Published online February 7, 2023. Google Scholar3. Adeloye D, Elneima O, Daines L, et al. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19: an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease. Lancet Respir Med 2021;9(12):1467–1478. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarArticle HistoryPublished online: Apr 18 2023 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles Lobar Ventilation in Patients with COPD Assessed with the Full-Scale Airway Network Flow Model and Xenon-enhanced Dual-Energy CTRadiology2020Volume: 298Issue: 1pp. 201-209Postacute COVID-19 Syndrome: 129Xe MRI Ventilation Defects and Respiratory Outcomes 1 Year LaterRadiology2023Volume: 307Issue: 2Persistent 129Xe MRI Pulmonary and CT Vascular Abnormalities in Symptomatic Individuals with Post-acute COVID-19 SyndromeRadiology2022Volume: 305Issue: 2pp. 466-476Regional Fractional Ventilation by Using Multibreath Wash-in 3He MR ImagingRadiology2016Volume: 279Issue: 3pp. 917-924Pulmonary Ventilation Maps Generated with Free-breathing Proton MRI and a Deep Convolutional Neural NetworkRadiology2020Volume: 298Issue: 2pp. 427-438See More RSNA Education Exhibits Mucus Plugs Provide Clues to Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and ManagementDigital Posters2020Wheezy-breezy? Not So Simple: Imaging of Asthma Complications and SimulatorsDigital Posters2020"Pop Under Pressure" - Common and Uncommon Imaging Findings in BarotraumaDigital Posters2022 RSNA Case Collection Hepatic SteatosisRSNA Case Collection2021Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia RSNA Case Collection2021Large volume barium aspirationRSNA Case Collection2021 Vol. 307, No. 4 Metrics Altmetric Score Open AccessThis article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.PDF download