Doping of Laser‐Induced Graphene and Its Applications

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has attracted extensive attention owing to its facile preparation of graphene and direct engraving patterns for devices. Various applications are demonstrated such as sensors, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, batteries, antimicrobial, oil and water separation, solar cells, and heaters. In recent years, doping has been employed as a significant strategy to modulate the properties of LIG and thereby improve the performance of LIG devices. Due to the patternable manufacture, controllable morphologies, and the synergistic effect of doped atoms and graphene, the doped LIG devices exhibit a high sensitivity of sensing, pseudocapacitance performance, and biological antibacterial. This paper reviews the latest novel research progress of heteroatom and nanoparticles doped LIG in synthesis, properties, and applications. The fabrications of LIG and typical doping approaches are presented. Special attention is paid to two doping processes of LIG: the one-step laser irradiation method and the two-step laser modification consisting of deposition, drop-casting, and duplicated laser pyrolysis. Doped LIG applications with improved performance are mainly highlighted. Taking advantage of doped LIG's properties and device performances will provide excellent opportunities for developing artificial intelligence, data storage, energy, health, and environmental applications.