Current Anesthesia Practices of Pediatric Cardiac Surgeries in Tertiary Maternity and Children's Hospitals in China: A National Survey

Objectives: To describe the current development of Chinese pediatric cardiac anesthesia practices.Design: Descriptive research study.Setting: This study used electronic questionnaires. The authors searched the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for tertiary maternity and children's hospitals across the country.Participants: Tertiary maternity and children's hospitals. Interventions: All representatives of the invited hospitals were asked to report the official statistics of their hospitals whenever possible. Measurements and Main Results: The survey questions were related to the geographic distribution and caseloads of pediatric cardiac sur-gical resources, technical capacities, anesthetic regimens, monitoring practices, and qualification requirements of anesthesiologists. A total of 130 hospitals were confirmed, using the registration information of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and 108 hospitals agreed to participate in this study. All enrolled hospitals completed the questionnaires, of which 52 could per-form cardiac surgeries and were located in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country, except for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Tibet Autonomous Region. The authors found that most hospitals' caseload of pediatric cardiac surgeries was relatively small (<500 cases per year). Hospitals capable of performing high-risk pediatric cardiac surgeries are mainly located in Eastern China. Most hospitals prefer total intravenous anesthesia in cardiac surgeries, and com-monly used anesthetics include propofol, sufentanil, rocuronium, and cisatracurium. Except for the basic intraoperative monitoring items (including electrocardiography, invasive blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, intake-output volume, and body temperature), bispectral index and near-infrared spectroscopy are relatively commonly used in some hospitals. Postoperative anal-gesia for children undergoing cardiac surgeries was provided in 38 hospitals, and an intravenous analgesia pump was the most widely used analgesia measure. In addition, the most frequently mentioned qualification requirements for pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists in these hospitals specializing in cardiac surgeries were a further study in domestic hospitals specializing in cardiac surgeries and the pro-fessional titles of the attending doctors.Conclusions: Pediatric cardiac medical resources are mainly concentrated in Eastern China, and most hospitals capable of performing high-risk car-diac surgeries are located in the eastern part of the country. The authors found that pediatric cardiac anesthesia practices varied widely among the hospitals, and the main problem with pediatric cardiac anesthesia in China is that there is no systemic fellowship training curriculum at present; there-fore, there is an urgent need to develop a fellowship training curriculum to further improve the quality of Chinese pediatric cardiac anesthesia.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)