Impact of harsh weather conditions on solar photovoltaic cell temperature: Experimental analysis and thermal-optical modeling

•Experiential investigation of parameters affecting a photovoltaic cell temperature.•Provide semi-empirical correlation forms to predict cell temperature.•Simulating detailed temperature distributions of a photovoltaic panel.•Provide a state-of-the-art reference for modeling under any varying conditions.•Increase precision and reduce computational costs for predicting cell temperature.