Tailoring Sb doping concentration to achieve p-type nanostructured ZnO thin film grown by sol–gel method

Highly c-axis oriented undoped and antimony (Sb) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by the sol–gel spin coating method. Six layers of deposition were repeated with 300 °C heat treatment for each layer then samples were annealed at 500 °C under an ambient atmosphere. Hall effect measurements revealed that 1