Dietary precursors and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study.

Our data show that choline increases VHD or MI risk, carnitine increases the risk of MI or HF, and phosphatidylcholine increases HF risk. These findings suggest the possibility that decrease in choline level in circulation may be able to reduce overall VHD or MI risk, reduce in carnitine level could be decrease MI and HF risks as well as decrease in phosphatidylcholine could reduce MI risk.