Is serum thymidine kinase 1 a prognostic biomarker in primary tumor location of colorectal carcinomas?

Aim To assess whether serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1p), CEA and CA19.9 can be used as prognostic biomarkers in the primary tumor location (PTL) of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Additional clinical factors of TNM stage, pathological grade, age and sex were also included. Methods STK1p was determined by an ECL-dot-blot assay, and CEA/CA19.9 was determined by an automatic electrochemiluminescence analyzer in a retrospective presurgery of right-colon carcinoma (R-CC, n = 90), left-colon carcinoma (L-CC, n = 128) and rectal carcinoma (RC, n = 270). Prognostic factors were evaluated by COX and overall survival (OS). Results The multivariate-COX and OS in relation to the prognostic factors of PTL in CRC were different and complex. An elevated STK1p value was significantly associated with poor OS in RC (P = 0.002) and L-CC (P = 0.037) but not in R-CC (P > 0.05). Elevated CEA (P≈.000) and CA19.9 (P≈.000) were significantly associated with poor OS in RC but not in L-CC and R-CC. Multivariate-COX showed that STK1p (P = 0.02, HR = 1.779, 95%CI 1.30–7.582), CEA (P = 0.001, HR = 2.052, 95%CI 1.320–3.189), CA19.9 (P≈.000, HR = 2.574, 95%CI 1.592–4.162) and TNM-stage (P≈.000, HR = 2.368, 95%CI 1.518–3.694) were independent prognostic factors in RC, while TNM-stage was an independent prognostic factor only in R-CC (P = 0.011, HR = 3.139, 95% CI 1.30–7.582) and L-CC (P≈.000, HR = 4.168, 95%CI 1.980–8.852). Moreover, elevated STK1p was significantly more sensitive (P < .001) for predicting mortality than CEA and CA19.9. No correlation was found between STK1p, CEA or AFP. Conclusion Combining TNM stage and suitable biomarkers, STK1p provides further reliable information on the survival of PTL of CRC.