Glacial-interglacial cycles in the south-central and southeastern Pyrenees since similar to 180 ka (NE Spain-Andorra-S France)

This study uses luminescence and C-14 accelerator mass spectrometry procedures to date relevant glaciofluvial and glacial deposits from the south-central and southeastern Pyrenees (Andorra-France-Spain). We distinguish two types of end-moraine complexes: (1) those in which at least a far-flung moraine exists beyond a frequently nested end-moraine complex (the most common) and (2) those in which a close-nested end moraine encompasses at least two glacial cycles. Both types formed within six distinctive glacial intervals: (1) A penultimate glacial cycle during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and older glaciofluvial terraces occurred beyond the range of the luminescence dating method. (2) An early glacial advance in MIS 5d (similar to 97 -15/+19 ka) was followed by glacial retreat during MIS 5c (< 91 +/- 9 ka). (3) The last maximum ice extent (LMIE) was in early MIS 4 (similar to 74 +/- 4.5 ka). (4) Unexpectedly, glaciers thinned during the second half of MIS 3 (similar to 39 -6/+11 ka). (5) During the MIS 3-2 transition, glaciers subsequently fluctuated behind the LMIE limits. (6) The global last glacial maximum (LGM) started as early as similar to 26.6 +/- 0.365 ka b2k, and the corresponding end moraines were built behind the LMIE limits or merged with it, forming close-nested moraines.