A homozygous frameshift mutation in ADAD2 causes male infertility with spermatogenic impairments.

Male infertility is a complex reproductive disorder that impedes a huge number of couples from having children naturally in the world(Agarwal et al.,2021).As an important pathogenic factor of male infer-tility,spermatogenic impairments are mainly characterized by impaired male gamete production,reduced sperm quality,or function(Tournaye et al.,2017).Spermatogenesis is a delicate and complex biological process that requires the collaboration of a large number of proteins performing different biological functions(Liu et al.,2021).