Proteomics in fish health and aquaculture productivity management: Status and future perspectives

Fisheries and aquaculture are the fast-growing industries that play a key role in global food security. It is expected to meet the future food needs of a growing population as average per capita consumption of animal protein, including fish, increases. Recently, aquaculture has faced serious concerns about maintaining sustainability in production. Because of this, high-throughput omics technologies such as genomics and proteomics have been introduced to effectively solve these problems. Proteomics is used in fish biology research to understand developmental biology, physiology, disease/stress, and species recognition. We present the unprecedented prospects of advanced proteomic technologies and the resulting pathways to inscribe key concerns in fisheries and aquaculture. Advent of high-throughput proteomics allows us to identify proteomic footprints for species recognition, authentication and traceability to ensure food safety, pathology and disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery and welfare, reproductive fitness, biotic and abiotic stress managements, feed efficiency and conversion, aquatic pollution and bio monitoring, along with depiction of novel human health related molecules. Subsequently, it provides a niche to develop fisheries growth and development which are outpacing welfare-consciousness, ensuring high production, understudied species evolution, and inventing strategies that limit welfare risks. The translational aspects of acquired data from the proteomic approaches allow us to develop immunoassays, biosensors, protein array and microfluidics performing field tests in user friendly ways especially in fish food and health sectors. Though, proteomics research gap persists for fish and aquaculture sector, nevertheless, all inclusive integrated omics technology can be employed to access innumerous possibility in order to sustain fish production necessitated for food security.