Monitoring of water content in a porous reservoir by seismic data: A 3D simulation study

A potential framework to estimate the amount of water stored in a porous storage reservoir from seismic data is neural networks. In this study, the water storage reservoir system is modeled as a coupled poroviscoelastic-viscoelastic medium, and the underlying wave propagation problem is solved using a three-dimensional discontinuous Galerkin method coupled with an Adams-Bashforth time stepping scheme. The wave problem solver is used to generate databases for the neural network-based machine learning model to estimate the water content. In the numerical examples, we investigate a deconvolution-based approach to normalize the effect from the source wavelet in addition to the network's tolerance for noise levels. We also apply the SHapley Additive exPlanations method to obtain greater insight into which part of the input data contributes the most to the water content estimation. The numerical results demonstrate the capacity of the fully connected neural network to estimate the amount of water stored in the porous storage reservoir.