Energy aware routing protocol for sparse underwater acoustic wireless sensor network

Rapid changes in technological transformation have brought about changes for devices involved in network communication. The emergence of internet of underwater things (IoUT) has led to an autonomous monitoring of underwater environment using underwater devices. Underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSNs) are widely used enabling underwater communication technology for (IoUT) as they support longer transmission range. However, they suffer from certain limitations which consist of node mobility, multi path fading, propagation delay, limited bandwidth and sensor nodes limited battery. Sensor nodes involved in the communication process are battery dependent which makes it burdensome to replace or recharge. The communication procedure between these sensor nodes relies on routing. Network scale plays a role in energy conservation among sensor nodes by assessing the volume of communication to base station. As a result, this paper proposes an energy efficient routing protocol for sparse network using ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol named as ADOV-sparse underwater acoustic routing protocol (AODV-SUARP). AODV-SUARP was simulated using Aquasim-NG for NS-3 against the conventional AODV and vector base forwarding (VBF) routing protocols. Simulation result shows AODV-SUARP outperforms AODV and VBF routing protocols in terms of energy consumption and packet received for different number of nodes