Asymmetric Synthesis: A Glance at Various Methodologies for Different Frameworks

Asymmetric reactions have made a significant advancement over the past few decades and involved the production of enantiomerically pure molecules using enantioselective organocatalysis, chiral auxiliaries/substrates, and reagents via controlling the absolute stereochemistry. The laboratory synthesis using an enantiomerically impure starting material gives a combination of enantiomers that are difficult to separate for chemists in medicine, chromatography, pharmacology, asymmetric synthesis, and studies on structure-function relationships of proteins, life sciences and mechanistic studies. This challenging step of separation can be avoided by using asymmetric synthesis. Using pharmacologically relevant scaffolds/pharmacophores, the drug design can also be achieved using asymmetric synthesis to synthesize receptor-specific pharmacologically active chiral molecules. This approach can be used to synthesize asymmetric molecules from a wide variety of reactants using specific asymmetric conditions, which is also beneficial for the environment due to less usage and discharge of chemicals into the environment. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on the inclusive collation of diverse mechanisms in this area to encourage auxiliary studies of asymmetric reactions to develop selective, efficient, environment-friendly, and high-yielding advanced processes in asymmetric reactions.