Mechanisms underlying divergent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ signaling
biorxiv(2022)
摘要
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog TAZ are transducers of several biochemical and biomechanical signals, serving to integrate multiplexed inputs from the microenvironment into higher-level cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and hemostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that Ca2+ is a key second messenger that closely connects microenvironmental input signals and YAP/TAZ regulation. However, studies that directly modulate Ca2+ have reported contradictory YAP/TAZ responses: In some studies, a reduction in Ca2+ influx increases the activity of YAP/TAZ, while in others, an increase in Ca2+ influx activates YAP/TAZ. Importantly, Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics, making it difficult to unravel their connections from a purely experimental approach. In this study, we developed a network model of Ca2+-mediated YAP/TAZ signaling to investigate how temporal dynamics and crosstalk of signaling pathways interacting with Ca2+ can alter YAP/TAZ response, as observed in experiments. By including six signaling modules (e.g., GPCR, IP3-Ca2+, Kinases, RhoA, F-actin, and Hippo-YAP/TAZ) that interact with Ca2+, we investigated both transient and steady-state cell response to Angiotensin II and thapsigargin stimuli. The model predicts stimuli, Ca2+ transient, and frequency-dependent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ primarily mediated by signaling species like cPKC, DAG, CaMKII, and F-actin. Model results illustrate the role of Ca2+ dynamics and CaMKII bistable response in switching the direction of changes in Ca2+-induced YAP/TAZ activity for different stimuli. Frequency-dependent YAP/TAZ response revealed the competition between upstream regulators of LATS1/2, leading to the YAP/TAZ non-monotonic response to periodic GPCR stimulation. This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the controversial Ca2+-YAP/TAZ relationship observed in experiments.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
* Abbreviation
: Meaning
AKT
: protein kinase B
Ang II
: Angiotensin II
Arp2/3
: Actin-related protein 2/3 complex
CaMKII
: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
DAG
: Diacylglycerol
ECM
: Extracellular matrix
ER
: Endoplasmic reticulum
FAK
: focal adhesion kinase
GPCRs
: G-protein coupled receptors
IP3
: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
IP3R
: IP3 receptor
JNK
: c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LATS1/2
: Large tumor suppressors 1 and 2
LIMK
: LIM kinase
mDia
: mammalian diaphanous-related formin
Merlin
: Moesin-ezrin-radixin like
MST1/2
: Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2
Myo
: myosin light chain
NPCs
: nuclear pore complexes
PA
: Phosphatidic acid
PIP2
: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PKC
: protein kinase C
PLCβ
: Phospholipase C β
PLD
: Phospholipase D
PMCA
: Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase
PP2A
: Protein Phosphatase 2A
Pyk2
: protein tyrosine kinase 2
RhoA
: Rho family of GTPases
ROCK
: Rho-associated kinase
RyRs
: Ryanodine receptors
SERCA
: Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
SOCE
: Store-operated calcium entry
TAZ
: Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif
TEADs
: TEA domain transcription factors
Tg
: Thapsigargin
TPC2
: Two-pore channel 2
TRPV4
: Transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4
YAP
: Yes-associated protein
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关键词
calcium signalling,Hippo pathway,network modelling,PKC isoforms,YAP,TAZ
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