Towards population-based payment models in a multiple-payer system: the case of the Netherlands

•Dutch political and administrative institutions have proposed reforms towards population-based payments.•Literature and focus groups demonstrate potential benefits on quality of care and healthcare utilization.•Payment models require quality indicators to minimise the risk of undertreatment.•National institutions could facilitate and monitor payment reforms.•Payers and providers could actively initiate population-based models tailored to specific populations.