A Longitudinal Study of Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Peer and Parental Influences From Middle Adolescence.

The frequency of alcohol and cannabis use in young adulthood was shaped, in part, from increases in direct and indirect peer influence and perceived parental approval of substance use across two important developmental periods. The findings highlight the importance of early and sustained intervention efforts targeting these social influences, especially among White adolescents, which may potentially decrease alcohol and cannabis use as youth enter young adulthood.