Day‐to‐day fasting plasma glucose variability on the short‐term prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study

Background and Hypothesis Glycemic variability in one fact that explain the differences in cardiovascular outcomes. The short-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability may have an on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods This study retrospectively analyzed T2DM patients who underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to STEMI in Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, between January 2016 and March 2020. All patients underwent at least 5 FPG measurements during the perioperative period. FPG variability score (FPG-VS) was defined as the percentage of the number of FPG variations > 1 mmol/L between two adjacent FPG measurements. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between FPG-VS and MACE. A validation set was utilized to further evaluate the prognostic value of FPG-VS in a standardized STEMI diabetic diet cohort following PCI intervention. Results A total of 612 patients were included in the retrospective cohort study. In comparison to the minimum quintile, FPG-VS > 60% was associated with an increased risk of 30-day MACE. Moreover, compared to FPG-VS <= 20%, the FPG-VS > 80% group had a higher risk of MACE (odd ratio [OR] = 4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55-5.28), recurrent angina pectoris (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 2.27-8.27), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 2.47-7.69), heart failure (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.92-5.54), malignant arrhythmia (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.12-6.25) and cardiac death (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.17-1.97). Consistent results were obtained after adjustment for HbA1c, demonstrating the robustness of FPGFPG-VS. Moreover, the standard diet intervention group had a lower FPG-VS index as well as a lower incidence of MACE. Conclusion Higher FPG variability is associated with an increased risk of MACE within 30 days in diabetes patients receiving PCI for STEMI. A standardized diet may improve the prognosis of STEMI patients by reducing the FPG-VS.