Reproduction number of monkeypox in the early stage of the 2022 multi-country outbreak

Monkeypox, a fast-spreading viral zoonosis outside of Africa in May 2022, has scientists on alert. We estimated the reproduction number to be 1.29 (95% CrI: 1.26, 1.33) by aggregating all cases in 70 countries as of July 22, 2022. ### Competing Interest Statement BJC reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Sanofi Pasteur, GSK, Moderna and Roche. The authors report no other potential conflicts of interest. ### Funding Statement We acknowledge the financial support from the AIR@InnoHK Programme from Innovation and Technology Commission of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data are collected from open source with detailed description in Section Method.