Understanding the structural dynamics of electrocatalysts via liquid cell transmission electron microscopy

High-performance catalysts are essential for many electrochemical technologies, such as water splitting, fuel cells and electrosynthesis. Understanding the structure-performance correlation of the catalysts demands a real-time characterization of their structural evolutions under work conditions. Herein, we review recent advances in structural dynamics of electrocatalysts during reactions by highlighting the utilization of advanced liquid cell transmission electron microscopy techniques. The processes of corrosion, Ostwald ripening, and particle agglomeration are discussed. By incorporating the synchronous electrochemical measurements in the liquid cell, unique information may be retrieved toward improving the electrocatalytic performance.