Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography

This study sought to assess the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 in the oral mucosal epithelium of adults following cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This before-and-after observational study evaluated 30 patients (15 males and 15 females); mean age 35 years, who required CBCT. Exfoliating epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa were collected with a cotton swab immediately before and 10 days after CBCT. Following Papanicolaou staining, genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus assay. The frequencies of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding and binucleation as cytotoxicity factors were also recorded. Expression of p53 was evaluated by IHC staining. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test. Micronucleated cells, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, budding, cytotoxicity, and expression of p53 increased significantly after CBCT. CBCT exerts genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and leads to overexpression of p53 protein in the oral buccal mucosal cells.