Evaluation of Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Data in Airfield Pavement Crack Detection and Rating

Current practice for airport Pavement Management Program (PMP) inspection relies on visual surveys and manual interpretation of reports and sketches prepared by inspectors in the field to quantify pavement conditions using the Pavement Condition Index method set forth in ASTM D5340. In recent years, several attempts have been made, both by the industry and by airport operators, to use small Uncrewed (Unpersonned/Unmanned) Aircraft Systems (sUAS), or "drones," to conduct various types of imaging and inspection of airport pavements. As part of a comprehensive study on the use of such sUAS to evaluate airfield pavement conditions, the objectives of this study were to assess the performance of various sUAS platforms and sensors in detecting and rating a subset of crack-based pavement distresses and to evaluate the use of a combination of different sUAS datasets to complement current methods used to support airport PMP. Two airports in Michigan were selected for sUAS data collection, and five sUAS platforms equipped with eight different sensors were flown at these airports at different altitudes to collect red, green, and blue (RGB) optical and thermal data at different resolutions. RGB orthophotos, digital elevation models, and thermal images were visually analyzed to study their usefulness in detecting and rating longitudinal and transverse cracks in flexible/asphalt pavements and longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal cracks, corner breaks, and durability cracks in rigid/concrete pavements. This study demonstrated the capability of using sUAS data in detecting and rating multiple crack-related distresses in both flexible and rigid airfield pavement systems.